This IDE is a single platform that can take plugins and code in any language and be customizable to your hearts content. Essentially behind the scenes there's one jetbrains IDE. Almost all of their IDE's can for example integrate with the javascript ecosystem. Additionally most of their IDE's have the ability to code in several other languages seperate from the core experience. Intellij allows you to install pretty much most of the features from all the other jetbrains IDEs as plugins. In short, code editors usually cast a really wide net with a lot of configurability and extensibility, while (jetbrains) IDEs tend to go really deep on a single language or workflow, with less extensibility, and deep configurability within the supported language itself. It supports syntax highlighting and maybe a couple of other small features, but that's it! While that's great, you shouldn't go edit python code in Phpstorm. Phpstorm for instance has built-in support for three different standalone code quality checkers, composer (package manager) support, deep language understanding with highlighting, warning, errors, refactorings, generators etc, doc comments, code formatting, support for different testing frameworks, a built-in debugger, etcetcetc. They put a lot of resources into supporting a language and all its relevant workflows. Consider CLion for C, it's only a couple of years old! Jetbrains on the other hand works on IDEs built for one specific language explicitly. Usually this means that it's fairly lightweight, supports every language under the sun, is highly configurable and extensible, but doesn't have a lot of very in-depth features, and also partially relies on third-party extensions for deeper functionality. Vscode is a "text editor" or a "code editor". Part of it feels like it comes from a different development philosophy.
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